Relative Pronouns and Commas

Hello! I also hope your week is going well!
This is quite a big topic, but here are some pointers:

Relative pronouns - This is a word that is used to introduce a part of a sentence that gives extra information. For example, 'The ball that I threw is green'. The word 'that' introduces the extra information 'I threw'. Without it, the sentence would still make sense (The ball is green), but you wouldn't know that I threw the ball. Here are the most commonly used Relative Pronouns and what they refer to.
1. Who - to a person - 'My best friend is a person who loves chocolate'.
2. When - to a time - 'Summer is a season when it gets quite hot'.
3. Where - to a place - 'South Africa is a country where many languages are spoken'.
4. Which/That - to a thing/action - 'The dog, which is barking, is quite big'.
5. Whose - to a possession - 'The girl, whose dog jumped on me, is quite friendly'. 

Commas - Here are the 8 ways to correctly use a comma.
1.  Use a comma to separate independent clauses - this will use a conjunction to join the clauses (and/but/so) - 'He walked down the street, and then he turned the corner'.
2. Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase - it tells the reader that the introductory part has ended and the main part is starting - 'When Evan was ready to iron, his cat tripped on the cord'.
3. Use a comma between all items in a series - 'We bought apples, peaches, and bananas today'.
4. Use commas to set off nonrestrictive clauses - in other words to separate phrases that aren't essential to the meaning of a sentence - 'John, who spent the last three days fishing, is back on the job again'.
5. Use a comma to set off appositives - appositives are nouns or noun phrases that give more information about a nearby noun, but which are not essential to the meaning of the sentence - 'The New York Jets, the underdogs, surprised everyone by winning the Super Bowl'.
6. Use a comma to indicate direct address - when the person being addressed in the sentence is named. This can happen in different formats - 'I think, John, you are wrong' or 'John, I think you are wrong' or 'I think you are wrong, John'.
7. Use commas to set off direct quotations - Mary said, “I dislike concerts because the music is too loud.”

I hope that this gives you a starting point to work from.